Thursday, June 23, 2016


I Have An Idea For A Book, What Do I Do Next?

By Peter Biadasz

I am asked this question on a regular basis. If you have an idea for a book lets keep the next steps quick and easy:

1 – Open a Word document and label it “Book”, no title needed at this time.

2 – Perform a “brain dump” of all the ideas you have into the Word document. 

The order does not matter, nor does it matter if you are just typing a word, sentence, incomplete thought or paragraph. Simply empty your brain into the document. You are in “Creative Mode” make the most of it.

3 – Save the document.

4 - To ensure you get solid information on the next steps in writing your book:

A– Contact author Peter Biadasz at Total Publishing And Media 


AND/OR

B – Buy “Write Your First Book” and then contact Peter.



Studies have shown 90% of people have an idea have an idea for a book but only 2% of people do something with their idea.

I look forward to helping YOU develop your idea into a book.

Peter Biadasz, President of Total Publishing And Media, has authored/co-authored 16 books including “Write Your First Book”, now in its 2nd edition. He is also a very active public speaker, writer of hundreds of article, and even a few short stories. His areas of expertise include Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, as well as a degree in Psychology, aiding him to build bridges between the often diverse worlds of social and natural sciences. Besides writing, Peter loves to eat a wide variety of food. Enjoy Peter's Video Shorts on YouTube and Facebook.

Copyright 2016 Peter Biadasz

Wednesday, October 28, 2015

Utilize Your Book As An “Atomic Business Card”

Utilize Your Book As An “Atomic Business Card”
By Peter Biadasz – Author, Speaker, Publisher, Consultant
 
NO NOT USE BUSINESS CARDS by themselves if you are a business owner, entrepreneur, blogger, speaker, or anyone else who is at, or desires to reach the top of your profession. Business cards are so common, everyone has one. It is hard to stand out in the crowd handing out an item people can easily lose in a pile of your competitor’s business cards. My “Atomic Business Card” is one of my books, Write Your First Book”, now in its 2nd Edition. I can give you 31 reasons to consider why you too should have an “Atomic Business Card”:

1.     You are the expert! Your book documents your expertise and in the mind of your prospective customer instantly establishes you as an expert in your field.
2.     You already have enough content to fill a book! People want to know what you did to become successful, your processes and customer stories – both success and failures. Plus, now you can put all of the accumulated paper and digital files to a better use. 
3.     When all things are equal your book sets you apart from the crowd! While your competitors hand out business cards, flyers and make slick presentations, you may do the same PLUS present your book (autographed).
4.     Tell your story and memorialize it in a book! A business card is an introduction; your book makes you memorable.
5.     Tell your “war stories”! The most interesting people are the best story tellers. Your book will allow you share stories of success, failure; the steps you took to reach your goals and life’s achievements.
6.     Target market recognition! Your target market wants to do business with you; they may just not know you exist. A book will help put you on their radar when they need your product or service.
7.     Speaking, advising, consulting, etc.! Your book will recognize you as an expert giving you options to pursue other income streams.
8.     Content, not size, matters! Don’t think your book has to be several hundred pages. 25 pages of solid content is better than 200 pages of boring. You have the content; just organize it (see#2 above).
9.     Shows people should listen to you! Your book shows you are the expert, have organized your material and are setting the example of moving forward in life. People wanting to grow will listen to YOU!
10.  Set yourself apart from the website crowd! Most have a website, not everyone can offer their book on their website because they do not have a book to offer. Display your book’s front cover on your home page for maximum effect.  Don’t forget the “Buy Now” button for maximum return on investment. Also, see #3 above.
11.  Resume’ Extraordinaire! Your book is the most thorough and interesting resume anyone (who wants to do business with you) can read. 
12.  Perceived as the expert! Even if there are many experts in your field, your book ensures you will at least be perceived as an expert. Studies have shown 90% of people have an idea for a book but only 2% actually follow through by writing their book. Be a two percent-er!
13. Legitimacy! Your book will add legitimacy to your presentations and other writings (article, blogs, etc.)
14.  Kick your competitors away from you! How can your competitors truly compete with you when you have a book and they don’t?
15.  High quality marketing tool! The other 30 points in this article present how your book is one of the highest quality marketing tools you will have available to assist in reaching your personal and professional goals.
16.  Give away to prospects! See David Miller’s quote below after point #31.
17.  Ghostwriters can write your book for you! In some genres up to 50% of books are written by ghostwriters. These books are based on the interviews, documentation and other input from you, the author. Good ghostwriting candidates are those like you who may have very little time or no desire/expertise to write.
18.  First Impression! You can make a positive and memorable first impression by presenting your book or mentioning you are an author.
19.  Exposure to people you may never meet! Your book can have far reaching distribution and can also be duplicated. This means it/you can be in multiple places at the same time. It can open doors of opportunity for you without you having to be physically in front of the door/person.
20.  Encourages other to utilize you, your products and services! Your book is your best sales presentation. It not just encourages, but compels others to utilize you, your products and services.
21.  Does not have to be long! Quality is more important than quantity.  See #8 above.
22.   Diversify income streams! You book can help not only diversify, but may create new income streams. My 16 books as an author led to me owning a national publishing company which helps develop authors to reach their true potential. What your book can do for you over time may pleasantly surprise you.
23.   Credibility! Your book gives you instant credibility. See #1 above.
24.   Business cards are easily thrown away or mis-placed! People do not misplace books. However, they may forget who they lent your book too, which means they need to buy another copy.
25.  Build relationship as they get to know you! As someone reads your book they get to know you better, as well as gain valuable insight.  
26.   Build mailing list! Your book will build your mailing list as people you did not even know existed will buy your book and then contact you with questions, or better yet, business.
27.   Branding! A book can be a strong tool to help brand you and your business.
28.   Book sales are secondary! While book sales are great to have, your book can be a tool to increase your primary income and maybe produce other income streams as well.
29.   Billboard! The front cover of your book is the best billboard you will ever have. Once finished it can be displayed in a variety of ways and mediums. 
30.   Back of room sales! When making an appearance give the crowd the opportunity to take you home with them. Sell books at the back of the room. Autograph and personalize each purchase.
31. An “Atomic Business Card” to help you reach the next level! The better the tools you have available to you the, more success you can achieve. Now is time to add an “Atomic Business Card” to your tool box.

Here is what some authors have said about their “Atomic Business Cards”:

*As business owner, and now author, David Millers says, “My book is a relatively inexpensive gift which effectively closes business with potential customers, vendors and partners. I keep a stack of soft copies and a sharpie under my desk at all times. People always love a signed copy of an author’s book as a personal thank-you!” (“Hard Knocks MBA” and “Before & After – Auto restoration – DONE RIGHT!”)

*Multi-Book author Shirley Hall writes “The compelling writing style in "One Day" and "Listen" led to entrepreneurship and two striving businesses, More Than Word, and ShirleyHallPoet LLC.”  

*Lisa A. Mazzeo, author of "Who Can Catch the Moon" notesAs a clinical social worker, practicing in the child welfare arena, I have learned a lot about how children who grow up in foster care think, feel and function.  By documenting my stories and sharing my insights in a book, I have cast a wider net and gained the attention of other professionals in my field. As a result, I am asked to comment on various related topics as well as speak at events that cover my field of expertise.”


*”Writing my book gave me supreme insights into the nature of my mind and a path of self discovery’ says Rabia Erduman, author of Veils of Separation. Writing this book helped me talk to potential clients about my work; what I do and how they can benefit from working with me.” 


*”My book has definitely brought more patients into see me.  It's been a stepping stone to being seen as an authority on my subject; hormones and prevention and health.” William Lee M.D., author of Over 50 Feeling 30! How Bioidentical Hormones Bring Your Body Back


To learn how to develop, create, design, distribute and market your book A.K.A. your "Atomic Business Card", feel free to contact Peter Biadasz at Peter@TotalPublishingAndMedia.com or call him at 918-624-9300.  You can also want to obtain a copy of “Write Your First Book, 2nd Edition” by Peter Biadasz, available at Amazon.com or wherever you like to buy your books.

BONUS: Still not sure if your industry deserves your ideas expressed in a book? Following is a list of 64 industries in which your expertise would be of benefit with a book authored by you.

1.        Animal Enthusiast
2.        Athletic Trainer
3.        Automobile Repair
4.        Automobile Restoration
5.        Awards
6.        Banker
7.        Beauty Consultant
8.        C.P.A.
9.        Carpet Cleaning
10.     Cell Phone
11.     Chamber of Commerce
12.     Chiropractor
13.     Coffee Service
14.     Commercial Real Estate
15.     Computer Network
16.     Computer Repair
17.     Credit Card System
18.     Dentist
19.     Dry Cleaning
20.     Financial Planner
21.     Florist
22.     Funeral Service
23.     Furniture
24.     Hair Stylist
25.     Handyman
26.     Heating and A/C
27.     Hotel/Motel
28.     Insect Exterminator
29.     Insurance - Life
30.     Insurance - Property & Casualty
31.     Interior Design
32.     I.T.
33.     Janitorial Service
34.     Landscaping
35.     Lawyer
36.     Local/Long Distance Dial Tone
37.     Mailing Equipment
38.     Massage Therapist
39.     Medical Specialist
40.     Mortgage Banker
41.     Mover
42.     Office Supplies
43.     On-Hold Messaging
44.     Paint & Body Shop
45.     Payroll
46.     Photography
47.     Plumber
48.     Printer/Copy Shop
49.     Professional Sports Teams
50.     Promotional Products
51.     Radio
52.     Realtor
53.     Security Systems
54.     Signs
55.     Social Media
56.     Staffing - Permanent
57.     Staffing - Temporary
58.     Telephone Systems
59.     Television
60.     Travel Agent
61.     Uniform Service
62.     Veterinarian
63.     Website Designer
64.     Your Industry


Peter Biadasz, President of Total Publishing And Media, has authored/co-authored 16 books including “Write Your First Book”, now in its 2nd edition and “More Leads”, a handbook for networkers. He is also a very active public speaker. His areas of expertise include Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, as well as a degree in Psychology, aiding him to build bridges between the often diverse worlds of social and natural sciences. Enjoy Peter's Video Shorts on YouTube and Facebook. Feel free to contact Peter at peter@TotalPublishingAndMedia.com


Copyright 2015 Peter Biadasz 

Monday, July 28, 2014

Write Romance… Or Whatever… Into Your Relationships

OK, I am approaching this topic as a male, which means that I may be starting with a handicap (I can hear my girlfriend laughing now); but it is what it is!

FICTION – Write an article, poem or book describing your ideal relationship. Describe every aspect of your perfect partner – height, weight, temperament, redeeming qualities, profession, extended family, occupation, income, etc. Also discuss what you do together socially, personally, etc. Go for it!!!!! No detail is too small. Tell us how this person makes you feel when you are with them and the loss you experience in their absence. This person is your fantasy come true, at least on paper; write until you are satisfied, then write some more.

Hopefully, you will find that person in your real life.

As a publisher I know that fiction romance is a huge category of books and articles.  What amazed me is that the primary readership is females in bad relationships looking for an escape or in no relationship fantasying the “other side”. My female friends gave me an earful about this.

NON-FICTION – Is your primary relationship a 10? If it is, I am so happy for you. I want to publish and read your book on the topic. If it not a 10 then one of the best ways to better any relationship is to talk about it with your partner. Before you have “the talk”, write down what you want to say. Not only will this serve as a great memory jogger as the discussion may get emotional, but by reading it before you say it, you may better understand the reasonableness, or lack thereof, regarding your expectations. Be as thorough as possible, keeping in mind your target audience, the one you have in your life whom you love and want to build up by presenting your written masterpiece to them. For every negative point there should be a solution as well as praise. Remember, this is supposed to be a constructive piece that betters your relationship, not a piece to be presented as a break-up.

Or maybe you just don’t share the piece with your partner. 

If you are currently not in a relationship, place your ideal relationship expectations on paper in the details described above. Pardon the allegory, but it is much easier to find all the things you are looking for in the grocery store if you have a list. There is nothing worse that cooking a complex dish only to learn that you left a few key ingredients out of the recipe. As you write, enjoy the trip down each aisle of the grocery store of fulfilling relationships. 

Peter Biadasz, author of such book as Write Your First Book, 2nd Edition (available at http://www.amazon.com/Write-Your-First-Book-Edition/dp/193782974X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1403411149&sr=8-1&keywords=write%2C+peter+biadasz),  More Leads and Increase Your Sales And Lower Your Golf Score, is President of Total Publishing And Media. To discuss with Peter publishing or marketing your book idea, or to inquire about having Peter speak to your organization or meeting, feel free to contact him at Peter@TotalPublishingAndMedia.com

Saturday, June 21, 2014

Write About Your Vacation For Fun And Profit

Write About Your Vacation For Fun And Profit
By Peter Biadasz (Author/Speaker/Publisher)
We all love to take vacations! There exists an amazingly wide variety of vacations choices available. From cruises to faraway lands, from skiing to skydiving, from warm weather to the coldest of cold, it always surprises me as to how two people can have such a different experience going to the same place, sometimes at even the same exact time. Having said that, if you ever want to have some fun writing, write about your vacations.

When writing about your vacations get the reader involved in your adventures as much as possible. Let your readers experience the newness of being in a place for the first time; the emotions you felt, the sounds surrounding you, smells of the air and the tastes of the foods and drinks in your travels. Write in such a way that the reader feels as though they are on the vacation with you, but also want to experience it for themselves someday. 

There are three ways you can write about your vacation experiences:

1 – Write about a past vacation: This is a great way to develop your writing style. Start by picking your favorite vacation of all time and write about it in a way that not only recalls the reasons why it was such a memorable time, but also in a way that others will enjoy reading about your experiences. Let others who went on those vacations with you read your accounts to let you know if you left out any vital information in your recollections. Also ask them to critique your writing style and be open for any constructive criticism of your work. This will only make you a better writer.  

2 – Write about the vacation you are taking right now: During your next vacation make extensive notes in every aspect of your trip; from deciding where to go, planning and then the trip itself. You may even want to write about any follow-up or after the trip thoughts. Be sure to not leave out any detail and have a great time.

3 – Write about your dream vacation: If you really want to stretch your horizons write about your dream vacation. This may not only be a great emotional release for you, but might actually give you some ideas and goals for a future trip. Enjoy the experience. Remember, no dream is too big when the budget is limitless.

 If you are feeling especially ambitious you may want to be paid to write your travel experiences. There are many opportunities available and I encourage you to contact your favorite travel agent, chamber of commerce, convention and visitor’s bureau or editor of the publications you utilize to enhance your travel experiences. These contacts can inform you of the reviews they rely on the most to ensure their customers are happiest on their vacations. Contact the editors of these sources to inquire the process to be considered to write for their publication.

If you want to share your experiences for the greater common good for free you may want to start a travel blog. This can be utilized both during and after your travels. In addition, you can invite others to record their travel experiences on your blog.   

Feel free to post your vacations stories and experiences at the bottom of this article. I hope as a writer you not only expand the scope of your writing by performing these exercises, but also find more enjoyment from your vacations.
    

Peter Biadasz, author of such book as Write Your First Book, 2nd Edition (available at http://www.amazon.com/Write-Your-First-Book-Edition/dp/193782974X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1403411149&sr=8-1&keywords=write%2C+peter+biadasz),  More Leads and Increase Your Sales And Lower Your Golf Score, is President of Total Publishing And Media. To discuss with Peter publishing or marketing your book idea, or to inquire about having Peter speak to your organization or meeting, feel free to contact him at Peter@TotalPublishingAndMedia.com

Monday, April 23, 2012

Write NON-Fiction Today!

By Peter Biadasz (Author/Speaker/Publisher)

Not to sound redundant from my article titled “Write Fiction Today!”, but as President of Total Publishing And Media I am constantly approached by authors claiming their book manuscript will be the next New York Times best seller and will land them on one of the coveted spots on Oprah. Because I am an author first, with now 16 books to my credit, the advice I usually give to these aspiring writers is to not worry about the best sellers lists or public appearances, but to perfect the craft of writing  to express the passion and expertise which lies within them. As I discuss in “Write Your First Book”, there are three phases to the successful author experience: writing, publishing and marketing. To reach one’s goals all three phases must be mastered and accomplished in that order. The mission of this article is to explain the first step of the process in becoming a successful non-fiction author. If you want to discuss the publishing or marketing phases, I would love to talk with you. Feel free to utilize my contact information at the end of this article.     

Let’s take a look at writing non-fiction. There are several ways to approach non-fiction writing. I will discuss just a few.

1 – Write Non -Fiction Based On Your Passions – When you are passionate about something you will find yourself driven to write about it. First you have to figure out what your true passions are. I am not talking about something you are interested in today but may not care about tomorrow. I am discussing the thing or things which have excited you for years, not a whim. Upon realizing your passion write a piece which takes your reader into the depths of your passion; letting them experience the drive you experience and emotion you feel. By making your passion infectious via your written word you will ignite the same passion in everyone who reads your piece. 

2 – Write Non-Fiction Bases On Your Expertise – We are all an expert at something. Make a list of your topics of expertise and then pick the one you want to write about. Research the topic to fill in the gaps you may have in your knowledge, identify your target audience, outline the piece and then begin writing. You may have to perform a re-write or two to achieve your goal. During the process you may find that you have learned something new in your area of expertise.

3 - Write Non-Fiction Based On What You Know Interests Others – You probably already know what topics interests others around you. Do some research and start writing. Write with a purpose. Prove everyone right, or prove them wrong. Either way, ensure your facts are correct and your position sound.

4 – Write Non-Fiction Based On A Relationship – We have all had relationships, good and bad. Pick one from your past, or present, decide the perspective from which you want to write about. Get permission from the other half of the relationship (people do not like surprises) and start writing accordingly.

5 – Write Your Life Story – You may want to recall you entire life’s experiences or maybe just and incident or two. Whatever your choice, be sure to incorporate a strong theme to which your target audience can relate. 

6 - Write Another Person’s Life Story – We have all been exposed to fascinating or interesting people. Some are alive and some have passed on. Pick one whom you feel most connected too and begin your research. Learn things about them which reveal the essence of why you are writing about them.   

Make the decision to write some non-fiction today. I have authored/co-authored 16 non-fiction books as of the writing of this article. The two most important aspects in writing non-fiction are research of the topic at hand and presenting the information with your unique personality and perspective.

I hope as a writer you not only expand the scope of your writing by performing the exercises mentioned above, but also find more passion in your life as a result of your writings.
    
Peter Biadasz, author of such book as Write Your First Book, 2nd Edition (available at http://www.amazon.com/Write-Your-First-Book-Edition/dp/193782974X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1403411149&sr=8-1&keywords=write%2C+peter+biadasz),  More Leads and Increase Your Sales And Lower Your Golf Scoreis President of Total Publishing And Media. To discuss with Peter publishing or marketing your book idea, or to inquire about having Peter speak to your organization or meeting, feel free to contact him at Peter@TotalPublishingAndMedia.com

Copyright 2012 Peter Biadasz

Monday, March 19, 2012

Write Fiction Today!

Write Fiction Today!
By Peter Biadasz (Author/Speaker/Publisher)
As President of Total Publishing And Media I am constantly approached by authors claiming their book manuscript will be the next New York Times best seller and will land them on one of the coveted spots on Oprah. Because I am an author first, with now 16 books to my credit, the advice I usually give to these aspiring writers is to not worry about the best sellers lists or public appearances, but to perfect the craft of writing  to express the passion and expertise which lies within them. As I discuss in “Write Your First Book”, there are three phases to the successful author experience: writing, publishing and marketing. To reach one’s goals all three phases must be mastered and accomplished in that order. The mission of this article is to explain the first step of the process in becoming a successful fiction author. If you want to discuss the publishing or marketing phases, I would love to talk with you. Feel free to utilize my contact information at the end of this article.     

Let’s take a look at writing fiction. There are several ways to approach fiction writing. I will discuss just a few.

1 – Writing Fiction Based On A True Story – In my opinion this is one of the easiest ways to start writing fiction. Simply take a true event in your life which you deem as significant and feel passionate about, write it factually as it occurred and then re-write it in the way you really wanted it to happen or in a fashion which is either more dramatic or more relatable to others. You can even re-write the re-write several different ways, depending on the target audience you want to reach. Before you go to bed tonight make a list of events either in your life or that you have been exposed too which you may want to fictionalize. Then pick an event from the list and have fun with the writing process. Let your imagination run wild. No idea is a bad idea. You can always edit later.  

2 – Writing Fiction That Could Be Real (but isn’t) – This is similar to writing fiction based on a true story, but without starting with a factual frame of reference. After performing the first writing exercise above several times, writing fiction without a factual basis becomes easier. Start with any scenario and just expand it to a logical conclusion. This form of writing allows the world be the way you want it to be.

3 – Writing Fantasy Fiction – If you want to create a totally new world here is your chance. By writing fantasy the only rule is that there are no rules. The laws of science, or any other laws for that matter, do not matter because you can create new ones, both scientifically and legally.  The challenge in writing fantasy is to be original. I once had a writer come to me with what he thought was a great idea for a fantasy book. He expressed it to me with much passion and in amazing detail. After his presentation he sat in eager anticipation of my opinion. After weighing my words for a few seconds all I could ask was, “doesn’t that sound a lot like Star Wars?” He quickly agreed and I encouraged him to expand the world in which to write fantasy, or try another form of fiction.   

Make the decision to write some fiction today. The hurdle I had to overcome in dabbling in the fiction realm is that I even though I publish fiction and non-fiction works, all of the books I had authored were non-fiction. Once I overcame the sense that I was telling a lie when writing fiction, the words flowed very easily. 

I hope as a writer you not only expand the scope of your writing by performing the exercises mentioned above, but also find more passion in your life as a result of your writings.
    
Peter Biadasz, author of such book as Write Your First Book, 2nd Edition (available at http://www.amazon.com/Write-Your-First-Book-Edition/dp/193782974X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1403411149&sr=8-1&keywords=write%2C+peter+biadasz),  More Leads and Increase Your Sales And Lower Your Golf Scoreis President of Total Publishing And Media. To discuss with Peter publishing or marketing your book idea, or to inquire about having Peter speak to your organization or meeting, feel free to contact him at Peter@TotalPublishingAndMedia.com
Copyright 2012 Peter Biadasz

Sunday, July 10, 2011

10 Things Your Friends Can Do To Help You Sell More Books!

10 Things Your Friends Can Do To Help You Sell More Books!
By: Penny Sansevieri
“Informative and practical article!”
 Peter Biadasz
Author/Speaker/Publisher
www.TotalPublishingAndMedia.com
Author of "Write Your First Book"

Successful authors are not loners. They get out and they talk about their book, they engage people, they market and they enlist the help of their team. In this case we're talking about your friends. Getting friends (and family) to help you market your book might be the best thing you can do for your book's success, but how you go about engaging their help is another matter entirely. Friends and family who haven't spent any time in the book industry might be at a loss for what to do and because of that, might end up doing nothing. I find that when I talk to folks they tell me they'd love to help but have no clue where to start. So take this list and pass it out to everyone you know, this should give them a good jump-off point and could certainly help boost your sales!

1) Do you have promotional pieces? T-shirts, postcards, bookmarks, hats, magnets? Send some to all of your friends and ask them to pass them out or leave them in places where your readers might shop.

2) Send friends and family an announcement e-mail and ask if they'll send it to ten (or more) people they know with their endorsement to buy the book or better yet, if they have a newsletter or mailing list, see if they'll announce your book to their newsletter readers!

3) Have them go into their local bookstore and talk to the manager about inviting you in for a local event or better yet, see if they'll stock your book.

4) Encourage everyone you know to buy a book.

5) Offer them a commission if they sell books on your behalf.

6) If you're in town see if they'll host a book signing at their home to introduce you to their network of friends.

7) Do they have businesses? See if they'll consider selling your book at their offices. (And remember to give them a percentage!)

8) Do they have any connections with local radio, TV or print? Ask them if they'll make a call for you to see about getting you on the air.

9) Tell your friends what you need. Make up a promotional "wish list" for example "I wish I could do an event at XYZ bookstore, or I wish I could get into XYZ magazine." You never know who they might know. Remember the six degrees of separation rule. Often friends want to help but they don't know what you need. Tell them.

10) Thank them for all of their efforts and keep them apprised of your success. Often we get so busy promoting our books that we forget to say thank you and since we hate to boast, we also forget to tell people all the wonderful things that have happened to us and our books. Tell them. They'll be happy for you and it might inspire them to do more!
Penny C. Sansevieri is the author of the novel The Cliffhanger. She is a book marketing and media relations specialist. Penny also coaches authors on a variety of topics related to books .  


This Blog Copyright 2011 Peter Biadasz